百日咳杆菌粘附素对猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌的保护性抗原的筛选

摘要：【目的】本研究通过百日咳杆菌黏附素(PRN)基因的分段克隆表达及其在BALB/c小鼠的主动和被动免疫保护试验筛选PRN中的保护性抗原肽。【方法和结果】利用大肠杆菌进行PRN的完整蛋白、N端和C端多肽及其RI和RII区域多肽（双拷贝）的表达,命名为GST-PRN、GST-PN、GST-PC、GST-2PRI和GST-2PRII。Western blot检测证实5种表达产物均具有良好的反应原性。在主动免疫保护试验中,5种表达产物均能诱导小鼠产生较高的PRN抗体水平;当使用3 LD50的支气管败血波氏杆菌     

表达T~+Pm保护性抗原的重组猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500株的构建及其生物学特性

【目的】本研究利用Asd+平衡致死系统构建表达巴氏杆菌毒素(Pasteurella multocida toxin,PMT)的重组猪霍乱沙门氏菌株,并对重组菌株的生物学特性进行比较研究。【方法和结果】通过基因克隆的方法构建表达PMT的重组质粒pYA-PmtC,再将其电转化减毒猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500的asd基因缺失株C501,构建口服活疫苗菌株C501(pYA-PmtC)。研究结果表明重组菌株C501(pYA-PmtC)的生化特性、血清型和生长速度与亲本菌株C500一致;在没有选择压力的条件下,C501(pYA-PmtC)能够稳定遗传重组质粒及其外源基因片段,并能稳定、高效、分泌性表达30.5kDa的外源保护性抗原rPmtC。C501(pYA-PmtC)腹腔感染BALB/c小鼠的LD50为8.5×106CFU,毒力稍低于C500(LD50为4.4×106CFU);口服接种C501(pYA-PmtC)和C500的所有仔猪未见任何发病症状,两者没有显著差别。【结论】本研究利用Asd+平衡致死系统的原理构建表达T+Pm保护性抗原重组猪霍乱沙门氏菌弱毒菌株C501(pYA-PmtC),为进一步开发猪萎缩性鼻炎-副伤寒的双价基因工程疫苗奠定基础。     

小溪自然保护区非盐环境土壤中嗜盐和耐盐菌多样性

【目的】研究湖南小溪国家级自然保护区普通非盐环境(ordinary non-saline environment)土壤样品中可培养嗜盐及耐盐细菌(含放线菌)多样性。【方法】采用纯培养法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对样品中嗜盐及耐盐细菌多样性进行研究。【结果】用补充5%-20%(w/v)NaCl的MA、ISP2、ISP5、NA和HAA培养基从土壤样品中分离到114株细菌,其中8株为中度嗜盐菌,19株为轻度嗜盐菌,87株为耐盐菌。根据形态观察和部分生理生化实验结果去冗余,选取61个代表性菌株进行基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育多样性分析。结果表明,这些菌株属于细菌域(Bacteria)的3个大的系统发育类群(门;phylum)(Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria)的16个科、18个属,代表了41个物种。多数菌株属于Firmicutes门(38株,62.3%)和Actinobacteria门(18株,29.5%)。大多数菌株与其系统发育关系最密切的已知物种的典型菌株之间存在一定的遗传差异(16S rRNA基因序列相似性为96.9%-99.8%),其中有7个菌株(JSM070026,JSM081004,JSM081006,JSM081008,JSM083058,JSM083085,JSM084035)代表7个潜在新种(potential novel species)。【结论】研究结果表明,湖南小溪国家级自然保护区普通非盐环境土壤中存在较为丰富的可培养嗜盐及耐盐细菌多样性,并且潜藏着较多新的微生物类群(物种)。     

生防菌株1404的鉴定及其对采后柑橘炭疽病的防治效果

【目的】柑橘是世界上重要的果树。由胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.]引起的柑橘炭疽病是柑橘生产的主要病害。为开发对采后柑橘炭疽病有效的生防措施,对从辣椒根际土壤中分离的一株生防细菌1404进行了鉴定,并对其特性及生防效果进行了研究。【方法】根据菌株1404的形态特征、生理生化特性以及16SrDNA序列对其进行鉴定;通过连续在人工培养基上转代培养,测定该菌株拮抗活性的稳定性;用果实刺伤接种法对采后柑橘炭疽病的防效进行测定。【结果】菌株1404与来自GenBank的短短芽孢杆菌[Brevibacillus brevis(Migula)Shidaetal.]以100%bootstrap水平类聚一群。该菌株的形态特征及生理生化特性与Brevibacillus brevis相符。连续4次在人工培养基上转代培养,菌株1404对柑橘炭疽病菌生长的抑制力没有发生明显改变。该生防菌对柑橘炭疽病的防治效果明显,处理后第20天防效达到64.9%。【结论】根据16SrDNA序列、形态特征、生理生化特性,将菌株1404鉴定为短短芽孢杆菌。本文首次报道对柑橘采后炭疽病具有较好防效的生防菌Brevibacillus brevis。     

Conformation Changes,N-terminal Involvement,and cGMP Signal Relay in the Phosphodiesterase-5 GAF Domain

The activity of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is specific for cGMP and is regulated by cGMP binding to GAF-A in its regulatory domain. To better understand the regulatory mechanism, x-ray crystallographic and biochemical studies were performed on constructs of human PDE5A1 containing the N-terminal phosphorylation segment, GAF-A, and GAF-B. Superposition of this unliganded GAF-A with the previously reported NMR structure of cGMP-bound PDE5 revealed dramatic conformational differences and suggested that helix H4 and strand B3 probably serve as two lids to gate the cGMP-binding pocket in GAF-A. The structure also identified an interfacial region among GAF-A, GAF-B, and the N-terminal loop, which may serve as a relay of the cGMP signal from GAF-A to GAF-B. N-terminal loop 98–147 was physically associated with GAF-B domains of the dimer. Biochemical analyses showed an inhibitory effect of this loop on cGMP binding and its involvement in the cGMP-induced conformation changes.     

Spectroscopic and Functional Characterizations of Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 Mutants on and near the Heme Axial Ligand of Cytochrome b559 in Photosystem II

The functional role of cytochrome (cyt) b₅₅₉ in photosystem II (PSII) was investigated in H22Kα and Y18Sα cyt b₅₅₉ mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. H22Kα and Y18Sα cyt b₅₅₉ mutant carries one amino acid substitution on and near one of heme axial ligands of cyt b₅₅₉ in PSII, respectively. Both mutants grew photoautotrophically, assembled stable PSII, and exhibited the normal period-four oscillation in oxygen yield. However, both mutants showed several distinct chlorophyll a fluorescence properties and were more susceptible to photoinhibition than wild type. EPR results indicated the displacement of one of the two axial ligands to the heme of cyt b₅₅₉ in H22Kα mutant reaction centers, at least in isolated reaction centers. The maximum absorption of cyt b₅₅₉ in Y18Sα mutant PSII core complexes was shifted to 561 nm. Y18Sα and H22Kα mutant PSII core complexes contained predominately the low potential form of cyt b₅₅₉. The findings lend support to the concept that the redox properties of cyt b₅₅₉ are strongly influenced by the hydrophobicity and ligation environment of the heme. When the cyt b₅₅₉ mutations placed in a D1-D170A genetic background that prevents assembly of the manganese cluster, accumulation of PSII is almost completely abolished. Overall, our data support a functional role of cyt b₅₅₉ in protection of PSII under photoinhibition conditions in vivo.     

Endothelium oriented differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under chemical and mechanical stimulations

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multi-differentiation capability. Their endothelial cell (EC) oriented differentiation is the key to vasculogenesis, in which both mechanical and chemical stimulations play important roles. Most previous studies reported individual effects of VEGF or fluid shear stress (SS), when MSCs were subjected to shear stress of 10–15 dyn/cm² over 24 hr. In this paper, we investigated responses of MSCs from young Sprague Dawley rats to shear stress, VEGF and the combination of the two stimuli. Our study showed that the combined stimulation of shear stress and VEGF resulted in more profound EC oriented differentiation of MSCs in comparison to any individual stimulation. Furthermore, we subjected MSCs to prolonged period of fluid shear stimulation, i.e. 48 hr rather than 24 hr, and increased the magnitude of the shear stress from 10 dyn/cm² to 15, 20 and 25 dyn/cm². We found that without VEGF, the endothelium oriented differentiation of MSCs that was seen following 24 hr of shear stimulation was largely abolished if we extended the shear stimulation to 48 hr. A similar sharp decrease in MSC differentiation was also observed when the magnitude of the shear stress was increased from 10–15 dyn/cm² to 20–25 dyn/cm² in 24 hr shear stimulation studies. However, with combined VEGF and fluid shear stimulation, most of the endothelial differentiation was retained following an extended period, i.e. at 48 hr, of shear stimulation. Our study demonstrates that chemical and mechanical stimulations work together in determining MSC differentiation dynamics.